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Green Growth or Degrowth? Possible Outcomes for Climate and Society
School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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Received: 31 July 2024 Accepted: 18 March 2025 Published: 25 March 2025
This article is part of the Special Issue Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation.
Abstract
As global temperatures continue to rise, those in favor of rapid climate mitigation face critical questions regarding maintaining current levels of economic growth. On a global scale, there remains a clear positive correlation between economic growth and carbon emissions, leading many climate scientists to call for a move away from a growth-focused economy. In this article, we draw from recent research to compare possible outcomes in terms of social well-being and climate mitigation for green growth and degrowth pathways. Green growth aims to maintain economic growth while reducing carbon emissions. Degrowth calls for a purposeful contraction of economic growth in wealthy countries. Drawing from recent studies, we compile evidence to compare these pathways and assess how each of these key strategies is evaluated and framed in the literature. We find that research indicates clear differences between these pathways in terms of mitigation potential and risks to human welfare, and we call for future research on specific topics related to a degrowth transition. Additionally, we identify issues of feasibility as primary concerns within both paradigms.
Keywords
degrowth; green growth; climate change; society; well-being; environmental degradation; sufficiency; economic growth; sustainability
Copyright © 2025
Eskridge-Aldama et al. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use and distribution provided that the original work is properly cited.
Funding
Phoenix Eskridge-Aldama received a grant from the Climate Social Science Network.
Cite this Article
Eskridge-Aldama, P., Stern, A., Vaughn, A., & Stuart, D. (2025). Green Growth or Degrowth? Possible Outcomes for Climate and Society. Highlights of Sustainability, 4(2), 69–94. https://doi.org/10.54175/hsustain4020005
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